Showing posts with label male gaze. Show all posts
Showing posts with label male gaze. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 11, 2018

GENERAL CONVENTIONS 2: Genre Characteristics


Possible Influences

  • Have a limited amount of male/female gaze
  • Appropriate costumes that are genre specific to Indie/Alternative Rock
  • Mainly low key lighting
  • Have locations suitable to narrative/performance
  • Genre specific makeup 
  • Performance needs to be genre specific to Indie/Alternative

Vodcast Summary:

...

...

(JC) Iron Maiden - Can I Play With Madness:

Genre: Metal
...
...

Explanation:

Genre characteristics is one of Andrew Goodwin 6 conventions of music videos. This is that a majority of music videos from the same genre share many of the same characteristics in how they are filmed, the narrative, the shots, location etc. For example stage performances are usually featured in metal videos and dance routines in boy/girl bands, night clubs for techno or EDM and expensive luxury items in hip-hop/rap. There is multiple examples of this in my General Music Vid Analysis links list.

Mise-en-scene:

Clothing: The clothing varies for the type of characters seen, whilst the characters seen in the narrative don't appear to be genre signifiers by their clothing, the band, when seen performing are:
Priest(?): Completely black robes
Art teacher: Suit
Students: School uniforms
Band: Cut/torn off jackets
Band t-shirts
Long hair
Leather jackets
Torn jeans/trousers

The clothing of the band acts as a very strong signifier towards the genre, the outfits seen are strong stereotypes of what a metal band would look like
...
Band member can be seen with cut off sleeves, long hair and
a band shirt

...
...
Band member can be seen with a sleeveless leather jacket, long hair
and ripped jeans

...
Lighting: The lighting throughout the video can be very different, at the beginning, when the priest can be seen he is in a dimly, candle lit room, his body is not visible because of the low light, only his face, the Quill, a cross and the glass ball can be seen, this gives a eerie feeling too the video like its a horror movie which is a characteristic of metal videos. 
...

...

The video progresses and enters the courtyard of a church, the lighting here is all naturalistic, shadows can be seen around the building but other then that, all characters are lit and visible. 
...

Inside the halls underneath the cathedral where the teacher falls the lighting is very dim, there is little bits of light from the torches and light creeping in from outside, this again creates the feeling of the first shot of the priest of it being like a horror movie.
Lastly is the lighting of the band on stage, because its a live performance, they have extremely heavy concert lighting with multiple colours and flashing, this is again another characteristic of a metal video.


...

...

...

Location/Setting: The location of the video is in a cathedral in the UK, the setting is extremely fitting for the genre and as mentioned multiple times previously is used to create a eerie, spooky feeling similar to a horror movie, this is a really good example of this characteristic of metal videos.

Performance:

The amount of performance footage shown in this video is less then normal, the amount shown is extremely limited and that that is shown because it is a close-up of the TV screen, the quality is very poor so band members cannot be made out and facial expressions can't be seen.

....


Style:

Below is 2 different examples of heavy metal videos, whilst both are quite different videos they share the main convention/ characteristic of a metal video of live performances. The first, "loner" by black sabbath is a video made up completely of footage from a concert, both on stage live performance and the behind the scenes and of the fans. The second, "Repentless" by Slayer, is different and features a narrative aswell as a performance. The Slayer narrative also follows a genre characteristic of many metal videos which is the theme of chaos, this being the prison riot.
...
 ...

...
WARNING - video contains gory scenes that some viewers may find upsetting 
 ...

Another genre which has its own extremely strong characteristic is boy bands, the majority of boy band videos feature a dance routine with all the band. The examples have of this is NSYNC "Its gonna be me" and backstreet boys "Everybody."
...
 ...

...
 ...

Other examples:

  • Timbaland ft One republic - Apologize
  • Circa Waves - T-Shirt Weathers
  • The Killers - Mr Brightside
  • Dimitri Vegas & Like mike - Arcade Mammoth

(CS)- Venga Boys - Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!


Possible Influences

  • Have a limited amount of male/female gaze
  • Appropriate costumes that are genre specific to Indie/Alternative Rock
  • Mainly low key lighting
  • Have locations suitable to narrative/performance
  • Genre specific makeup 
  • Performance needs to be genre specific to Indie/Alternative
Goodwin argues that each genre has specific characteristics in music videos. When many music videos from the same genre usually share the same conventions, like the locationsmise - en - scene, type of performancenarrative shotsetc. The track I have chosen is Boom Boom Boom by Vengaboys.

...
...
Genre: Dance/Pop

You can break down genre characteristics into these category's:

Mise-en-scene:

Clothing: The clothing is quiet revealing at times but in general "sporty". The females performers having crop tops/sport bras which show off their stomachs. Many other females also have very low cut tops to show cleavage. This can also link into the male gaze theory, which again is common convention dance videos. The performers also have a large mix of high skirts to show off their legs and will be objectified.Some of the clothing are also very odd and have bizarre shapes and glittery attributes. The males also have quite open shirts showing off their chest and are being sexaulised as well. This can be argued to be female gaze
Lighting: The lighting can be seen as a very club like setting, with it being high key lighting to glamorises the faces but the back lighting is quite dark or low key lighting with many flashes. 
Location/Setting: The location is at a night club where this genre of music is very popular. Therefore it is only fitting that the performance and music video takes place in these types of party locations, either in a city or an exotic location such as a beach or festival. 
Props: The main props seem to be drinks and glasses with drinks used in this music video, again this often happens in night clubs and the music video is reflecting these conventions of a party life.  
Makeup: The females are heavily made up with colorful eye shadow and eyebrows that have been filled in, they have an extensive amount of highlight which also allows their face to "glow" and this is seen as very glamorous. The eyes are also filled in with eyeliner and they have an extensive amount of lipstick. All this makeup is to glamorises the females and is a common convention in dance music videos.


Performance:

Dancing: The dance style is either jazz or hip hop which is again a common convention in the dance genre. The main performance is both dancing and lip syncing. The shots are also fast paced as well as the editing. There is also a large shot variety with special effects and a fair amount of panning to make the dance choreography more interesting to the audience.  
...
Vengaboys - Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!


... 


Cinematography + Editing:

The editing is generally a varied pace. When the "drop" comes the editing pace increases to make it more visually striking along side making the drop more powerful. There are also slo - mo shots to emphasise male gaze and female gaze in the music video. All of these are common characteristics of the dance genre

...
Vengaboys - Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!


...
Vengaboys - Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!!



...

(SS) - Anthrax & Public Enemy - Bring the noise 


This convention uses Goodwin's 2nd theory i.e. Genre signified, however this is usually overlapped with his 4th and 5th convention which have been covered in my General Conventions 4 which you can find here
...

...
Here we see 2 genres mixed together in one song. You get the hard metal instrumental of Anthrax and the the sweet bars of Public Enemy. An unlikely duo but it works.

  • The video itself has a lot of performance which is standard in a rock/metal video however the rap elements are still there. The low angles on the rappers to make them look more powerful is present, however not only to the rappers the people in the rock band get low angles too. Also the comedic elements of the rappers is also present as this is pretty common for 90's rap. 
  • The costumes for each group are very distinct and different. Anthrax look like the typical metal band; (mostly) tight black clothes, big boots and long hair. Whereas Public enemy are wearing baggy clothes which is very common in rap in that era, hats, one of the members (Flava Flav) even wears a clock chain.

...
Flava flav and his clock chain.

...

  • The body language of each group is also very prominent, both aggressive however very different. Anthrax are all head-banging which is very common for a metal band, whereas the rappers are in your face which is also very common for rap videos


...

...

...

Additional Examples:

Muse - Uprising

...

 ...

GENERAL CONVENTIONS 4: Representations

Possible Influences

  • Have both Countertypes + Stereotypes in characters
  • Challenge some normative representations 
  • Male/female gaze to a certain extent 
Summary:


  • Laura Mulvey's Male gaze is very important 
  • Normative representations 
  • Queer/ing 
  • Huge scope to represent what you believe in
  • Male gaze vs Post feminism
Summary Vodcast:
...

...

(CS) Lily Allen - Hard out Here 

...
...
Lily Allen created this song as a satirical video for how music videos are treating women like objects. Where her argument is "I think objectification of women is fine if I feel that there is a sense of ownership from the woman. If it comes from somewhere else and it feels like the woman is being coerced or forced into something then it's gross." She has tried to empower women who feel confident in themselves and send a message that they can do what they please. This video has however backfired a received a lot of criticism. The representations of independent confident females is striking in this video, along side with the male producer in the video objectifying the women telling them how to "act". 

The song was dubbed "feminist anthem through and through" by Rolling Stone magazine
Many believe that some of the lyrics and one part of the music video where there are balloons spelling out "Lily Allen has a baggy pu**y" were a direct response to Robin Thicke - Blurred Lines and  Miley Cyrus.

Here you can see that the lip stick Lily Allen is wearing is black. This signifies her saying stop towards the normative of having glossy red lipstick. She is saying she is refusing being objectified.

Many celebrities have backed the lyrics in the track and the music video as a positive feminist text, so you may be wondering what the backlash and controversy is about.
Controversy
There was black female dancers used in the video. The dancing/performance in the music video mainly consists of twerking which is seen as an objectifying dance. Many people have criticised this as racism as black women are often the first ethical group to be objectified. Lily Allen responded with a long message "Privilege, Superiority and Misconception" on her twitter. One quote that stood out was 
"The message is clear. Whilst I don’t want to offend anyone. I do strive to provoke thought and conversation. The video is meant to be a lighthearted satirical video that deals with objectification of women within modern pop culture. It has nothing to do with race, at all."
There is controversy because of the misrepresented representations in this music video and the preferred reading of many was not what Lily Allen intended.

Additional Examples

Logic - 1-800-273-8255
...
...

This video follows the life of a boy who is homosexual and how society rejects him. There are clear representations to indicate his sexualityThe mise -en -scene tells us a lot of what is going on, with the two boys jumping as the father walks in and the fact they are topless helps anchor what is being shown. As this sequence happens there is also dietetic sound which connotes a more serious moment in the music video. 


Fatboy Slim - Weapon of Choice 
...
...

Fatboy Slim - Weapon Of Choice [Official Video]

This music videos is challenging the normative representations of a business man. Acting as a countertype. The mise - en -scene denotes a serious situation, with the grey suit and red tie with antique furniture. However the business man starts dancing in a very non serious fashion as a direct opposition of what the mise -en - scene was signifying. This all happens as soon as there is a drop in the track. 

Queen - I Want to Break Free
...
...

The four band members are being seen dressed in drag in this music video. The lyrics are linked to Freddie Mercury wanting to break free and come out as a homosexual man, hence the way he is dressed and his performance cleaning the house, the video can also be seen as a women who wants to break free from having to clean the house while the man sits around.

Miley Cyrus - Wrecking Ball
...
...

The knife in slasher movies has a stab motion and that represents and certain male body part, the phallic object in wrecking ball.
http://prodeval.blogspot.com/2017/01/mulveys-male-gaze-gunsn-roses-avicii.html
http://musividz.blogspot.com/2015/06/conventions-links-points-playlist.html

(JC) Robin Thicke - Blurred Lines

Robin thicke's music video for blurred lines became very controversial as soon as it was released, the un-rated version which was eventually banned for featuring topless women was criticised for its objectifying of women. The video was even labelled "eye-poppingly misogynist."

This is the clean version of the video, not the unrated version
...

...

Gender - Females:

Male gaze - Laura Mulvey:

The male gaze is a concept that deals with how media productions unconsciously or consiously target a more male oriented audience. This includes have female bodies being objectified by having tight specific framing as they are being objectified. Females are stereotypically treated as secondary characters in a narrative. Although mainly the male gaze is used to describe how a male audience views the women presented it can also refer to how women view themselves and how women view other women.

In music video's women are often represented differently to a male audience when that is their primary demographic then how they are represented to a primarily female audience. Women are often sexualised, wearing revealing clothing etc, this is usually to appeal to the male viewers.

In this video in particular woman are heavily sexualised and used too appeal too a male audience, the woman are treated as objects and the men in the video seem to view them as toys.

Sexuality:

Non - binary sexuality is a topic that has only recently become acceptable to talk about and appeal to a mainstream audience. However, in this video this is not displayed, this is a normative representation of a male sexuality, the males in this video are all displayed as Heterosexual men.

Lyrics:


The lyrics to "Blurred lines" caused a lot of controversy and anger, many people spoke out against them and in places the song was banned (University college London) as it "promotes a very worrying attitude towards sex and consent"
...

...
The lyrics of the song contain lines such as "I know you want it," which understandably caused concern, this alongside the video which is viewed as misogynist create a representation of woman and how to treat them which should not be accepted in society.

Gender - Males:

Males In Music videos men are often presented as powerful people, who have a lot of money and attract a lot of females. They’re shown to be dominant and the ideal masculine image. This is in order to seem admirable to other men and "flex".  This representation is very typically seen in hip hop, RnB and rap videos.

However, sometimes, in music videos starring females, they can often be portrayed as tools by women, creating a counter type to Laura Mulvey's Male gaze in the form or Female Gaze.

In "Blurred lines," it is again the normative representation of men being surrounded by woman, confident, rich and sexually active.  This can be seen by the clothing the men are wearing, the clothing they have on is visibly expensive, they have nice suits on, large watches, sunglasses and chains. There movements around the woman is what demonstrates their confidence as they parade around them, seemingly trying to show off their dance moves and their attitude.

Other Examples:

Nicki Minaj - Super Bass

On the other side of things, this video was well received as a empowering message. Although the video features Nicki Minaj in a bikini in shots that are sexualised, the mise-en-scene of the video changes the meaning. Instead of the women almost being controlled by the men and seeming like they are only there to make them happy, Nicki is seen in-front of the men, in powerful poses multiple times through out the video, it is done to show that she has power and is in control of the situation she is in which is something that is often not represented in other music videos. The meaning is that girls can be powerful whilst also showing off their bodies and in control of the situation which again, is not always represented, for example, the video before, blurred lines, the men are portrayed as completely in control of the women and the women are seen as just there to please the men.
...
...

Examples:

Wiz Khalifa - Work Hard Play Hard
This video is a perfect example of the representation of men in music videos. The video opens with shots of construction workers, which are seen as typically manly, moving and lifting heavy objects, shots of weights in a gym and a man with an American Football. The portrayal and representation shown in this video fits the stereotypes of masculinity and represents the convention well.

Warning: Song is explicit and contains a lot of swearing
...

...

(SS) Promises - Calvin Harris ft Sam Smith

...
...
This video deals with the idea of gay stereotypes of liking to dance and expressing themselves through dance.
There is an opening montage of different gay men talking about how dance makes them feel and that in the male homosexual dance community they feel accepted and that they can express themselves freely through the art of dance. While the men are talking they show clips of them dancing a bit feminine.
However there are binary oppositions. Calvin Harris is in the video too, which is unusual because he is the DJ and they tend not to be in their videos. And Calvin Harris is in the video but he has some girls around him which goes against the Homosexuality acceptance in the video.

...

...


Notes:
Dick Hebdige & Subculture:
Dick edge argued that there is a specific subcultural identities.

How youth have subcultural identities with clothing, hair, slang, attitude etc.
This is seen with Goths. Binary opposite to pop (commercially successful, mainstream mass audience)  

Teens influenced by genres of music (shared knowledge) 

Everything is a simulacrum, nothing can be original anymore, everything is just remixes of one another 

Niche vs Mass (Alternative vs Mainstream) 
Indie Rock is often referred to Alternative Rock in America 

When Niche becomes mainstream, it isn't really subculture anymore

Subculture are in some regards transgressive to social normative 

The attitude of goths can be seen as pessimistic and consider "life is pointless" with dark themes. 



Bourdieu Cultural = subcultural captital:

High culture vs Popular Culture 

Chess vs Video games

Typically what women like is lower cultural capital versus the higher cultural capital of males

What is popular culture today can change into high culture

How music can change and what was once seen as "bad" to seen as "good" due to people growing up and becoming representative in edit and social class increasing

This is usually linked to social class and audience

Classical vs Rap

Jesus and Mary chain vs Mozart












Low cultural capital
High cultural capital

Audience also has a role, Indie seen as C2DE Classical seen as ABC1

Person with classical cultural capital will be seen as superior and more intelligent compared to someone who listens to rap.

Cultural capital is a form of wealth, form of currency
Sophisticated and high cultural capital can get you into higher up jobs.
Can be seen as hegemony

Retromania (come back to this) 

Queer Theory 






Sunday, August 26, 2018

ANALYSIS One Convention per Video

These are the music videos I am going to find one point from and do a short analysis of the convention.

1. Guns N' Roses - Welcome To The Jungle (1987)
2. PIXIES - INDIE CINDY (2013)
3. Cardi B, Bad Bunny & J Balvin - I Like It (2018)
4. George Ezra - Shotgun (2018)
5. Five Finger Death Punch - Remember Everything (2012)
6. Foreigner - 'I Want To Know What Love Is'  (1984)
7. Vengaboys - Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!! (1998)
8. Sigala - Sweet Lovin' ft. Bryn Christopher (2015)
9. Jebroer - Kind van de Duivel (Prod. by Paul Elstak & Dr.Phunk) (2017)


Short Analysis on Music Vids

1.



There is a definite link between genre and music video. The mise en scene matches perfectly into the genre of Heavy Metal. With the long firzzly hair and leather trousers. Plus the white tank top with blakc complicated pattern on Axel Ross (lead singer) in the performance part of the music video.

2.


The whole video is filmed and the edited to be reversed. There is a clear relationship between a female protagonist and male antagonist through the use of framing and shooting (Many Two - Shots)

3.


At 1:14 in the video the lyrics represent what is happening in the video. This is a very common convention in music video.

4.


This music video is filmed with one shot type in a studio, The whole video is filmed on a rotation platform each side being something different so it is very visually striking. The style almost gives a whole globe effect.

5.


The video has a very clear link between the future and the past. Starting out with a child who is growing up spray painting very visually striking things in a fully white room, linking between the main narrative. Throughout the video the child and man (same person) show similarities between his childhood and adulthood of rough things he is going through.

6.


Most of the video is shot in slow motion to make the link between the lyrics and the video much more striking. Slow motion makes an audience unconsciously pay more attention to the details in the mise - en - scene which the director of this video is trying to show.

7.


This is a dance hit in the 90's. There clear male gaze all the way throughout the video both in narative and performance. This video helped popularise the song and made it a hit in night clubs and other clubs of the likes, for of how it attracted such a huge male audience.

8.


This is a modern dance music video, The whole video is of a young attractive female rolling around on roller skates with smoke bombs attache to the back and she rolls down the street and whenever there is a public member they break into a dance as well (such as postman, a mother and her child, etc.). It is made in a way that makes her interact with the general public which can be made into a viral dance.

9.


This started out as a dutch song but has become so popular with an audience who don't speak the language that the makers redid the video with subtitles. There has also been a German version released of the song "Kind Eines Teufels" the video being the same just without lyrics. The performance however has been cut more so the lip syncing seems to be right (Dutch and German are similar).




Wednesday, June 27, 2018

Music Videos

Note: Some videos are controversial and some of the music is marked as 'explicit' with some having strong language 

Below I have a playlist with 11 music videos from a variety of genres in which I will research the common conventions and theories linked into music videos.

1. Guns N' Roses - Welcome To The Jungle (1987)
2. PIXIES - INDIE CINDY (2013)
3. Cardi B, Bad Bunny & J Balvin - I Like It (2018)
4. George Ezra - Shotgun (2018)
5. Five Finger Death Punch - Remember Everything (2012)
6. Foreigner - 'I Want To Know What Love Is'  (1984)
7. Vengaboys - Boom, Boom, Boom, Boom!! (1998)
8. Sigala - Sweet Lovin' ft. Bryn Christopher (2015)
9. Kendrick Lamar - HUMBLE. (2017)
10. Fountains of Wayne - Stacy's Mom (2003)
11. Jebroer - Kind van de Duivel (Prod. by Paul Elstak & Dr.Phunk) (2017)


Below is the embedded playlist